This article includes a, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient. Please help to this article by more precise citations. ( May 2009) Treasure hunting is the physical search for.
The latest Tweets from Sara Chambers (@sarachambers). Successful executive and entrepreneur. Worship leader. Surrendering to Win since 2-5-07. Juneau, Alaska.
For example, treasure hunters try to find sunken and retrieve artifacts with market value. This industry is generally fueled by the market for antiquities. The practice of treasure-hunting can be controversial, as locations such as sunken wrecks or cultural sites may be protected by national or international law concerned with property ownership, sovereign or state vessels, commercial diving regulations, protection of cultural heritage and trade controls.Treasure hunting can also refer to – a sport in which participants use units to find hidden caches of toys or trinkets, or various other. Contents.Actors Since the late 1990s, reacting against increasingly energetic efforts by the international community to stop the destruction of the world submerged cultural heritage, treasure hunting companies started hiring and marketing directors, making public statements about their good intentions. Even where good quality archaeological research is carried out by archaeologists working with treasure hunters, concerns remain that treasure hunting, by definition, ignores the principle that in-situ preservation of cultural heritage should always be considered first, and that the sale of recovered artifacts breaks up the assemblage of cultural heritage material, resulting in a loss of opportunity to study the whole picture. The counter argument is that professional salvors have the resources to fund archaeological research of sites that would otherwise be unrecorded, and be subject to destruction by looting or natural forces. Treasure hunterThe early stages of the development of included a significant aspect of treasure hunting; 's excavations at, and later at, both turned up significant finds of artifacts.
Early work in also included a similar motive. Modern amateur treasure hunters use relatively inexpensive metal detectors to locate finds at terrestrial sites.and sometime treasure hunter, in a paper he wrote in 1969 as part of a Historical Archaeology Forum on salvage of a, addressing the question of whether treasure hunting and archaeology are in conflict, stated: “The foregoing discussion may seem like an attack on Mr. I do not mean this to be so.
A whole new branch of archaeology, that of studies, was founded by, who also had the courage to remember his dreams It is right to dream, and it would be the worst kind of mistake on the part of the state to discourage the big dreams of men like Mr. Spence, and to let a project requiring that sort of enterprise fall into the hands of what Mr. Spence's friend terms ‘some bloody historical society’ which might lay the dead hand of unimaginative and stereotyped thinking on Mr. Spence's courage and ability.” In 1972, Spence and Throckmorton, along with three other men, were awarded the degree of Doctor of Marine Histories by the on July 16, 1972, becoming first people in the world to be awarded a doctorate for work in marine archaeology.More recently, most serious treasure hunters have started working underwater, where modern technology allows access to wrecks containing valuables, which were previously inaccessible. Starting with the, and moving on through and later to, each new generation of technology has made more wrecks accessible.
Many of these wrecks have resulted in the of many fascinating artifacts from Spanish treasure fleets as well as many others. Equipment Rubberised suits, weighted belts and shoes, and helmets are used for deep-sea diving. Diving bells, open helmets, were used.
Today is accomplished using Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus ('), unmanned submersible vehicles, Remote Operating Vehicles ('ROVs'), and exposure suits. Sound Navigation and Ranging (') and magnetometers are used for detection of treasure. Hand tools, probes, screens, containers, shovels, metal detectors, and sifters are useful for land treasure hunting (Smith, 1971). The Evinrude Aquanaut is a portable floating diving unit that feeds air directly to the divers without need of tanks on the divers.In diving, masks allow for improved vision, fins increase swimming speeds, safety vests provide lifesaving assistance, diver's flags alert others of a diver's location, wetsuits conserve body heat and also provide skin protection, weight belts offset buoyancy of rubber suits, knives prove useful as a tool, tanks supply air, and conserve energy. Criticism Treasure hunting is condemned by a growing number of nations, and issued a charter for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage in 2001: the. This convention is a legal instrument helping states parties to improve the protection of their underwater cultural heritage. In 2013 the set off a firestorm of controversy with its reality show Diggers.
Professional archaeologists from the, the largest scholarly group concerned with the archaeology of the modern world (A.D. 1400–present), roundly criticised the network for promoting the theft of cultural materials on public and private land. Legality In 1906, the Secretaries of the Interior of Agriculture and War made an act for the preservation of American Antiquities (ancient artifacts). This act says that each Secretary of the Interior would have their own specific authority over different artifacts or locations based on their department. These artifacts and locations are as follows: Historic landmarks, historic monuments, objects of antiquity, objects of scientific value and historical value. The Secretary of Agriculture has jurisdiction over artifacts and monuments found within the outer limits of forest reserves. The secretary of War for any land that resides in or near a military reserve.
The lands that are controlled by the US Government will be supervised by the respective Secretary. Permits will not be granted to those trying to move or take any monument or artifact that can be preserved in its original place and remain an ancient monument.
A permit will not be granted to someone 'whose eyes are bigger than their stomach.' In other words, those trying to explore a vast amount of area with little help and the job seems to not be done within the time limit designated by the certain someone, that permit will not be granted. Each permit will be granted by the respective Secretaries that have jurisdiction over those certain sites. Also including to the permit just stated above you also need these following requirements: The name of the Institution making the request, how much time it will take, the date, the person in charge of the project, what type of project it is going to be, excavating, gathering or examining, and the museum where the artifact will be shown and preserved.
Each permit will only be granted for 3 years or less. An extension can be granted if progress is shown. Permits will not be in effect if work does not begin within six months of getting the permit.In the United States the federal Abandoned Shipwrecks Act, which asserts the federal government's ownership of abandoned United States water shipwrecks, was put into place in 1988.
Any shipwreck that is embedded in submerged lands and/or in coralline formations protected by a State on submerged lands of a state is property of the government. The Abandoned Shipwrecks Act then transfers ownership to the appropriate State government. The Supreme Court upheld the Abandoned Shipwrecks Act constitutionality in 1998. In the US, the finder of a ship not abandoned could seek a salvage award.The countries England, Wales, and Northern Ireland claim gold and silver finds that are more than three hundred years old for the crown by way of the Treasure Act of 1996. Any found treasure in these nations must be reported within fourteen days of uncovering.The United States awards ownership to the landowner. If finds occur on federal land it can be considered a federal offense. Most of the United States prosecutes the unearthing of burial grounds.
Main article:. located the shipwreck of in 1981. (discoverer of the Pirate Ship of Joseph Bannsister ). (discoverer of the Spanish galleon ). (, author). (discoverer of the 'Nanking Cargo'). (underwater archaeologist, author).
(author and discoverer of the Pirate Ship of Joseph Bannsister ). (searched the new world for gold and the ). (pioneer, discoverer of the,. Etc.)Notable treasure hunting companies. located and salvaged treasure from 1857 shipwreck of the, using research by Dr.
Lee Spence. located and salvaged treasure from 1865 shipwreck of the, using research by Dr. Lee Spence.
Shipwrecks, Inc. Chartered in 1967 by, received 1st salvage license issued in South Carolina, for work on. Intersal, Inc., while working under permit from the state of North Carolina, discovered the 's flagship, the, on November 21, 1996.
Treasure Salvors, Inc., founded by Mel Fisher, located the wreck and its mother lode of, and, in July 1985.See also.References.